Biography of Isabella I, Queen of Spain

Isabella I of Spain (April 22, 1451–November 26, 1504) was the queen of Castile and Leà ³n in her own right and, through marriage, became the queen of Aragon.  She  married Ferdinand II of Aragon, bringing the kingdoms together into what became Spain under the rule of her grandson Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor.  She sponsored Columbus voyages to the Americas and was known as  Isabel la Catolica, or Isabella the Catholic, for her role  in purifying the Roman Catholic faith by expelling Jews from her lands and defeating the Moors. Fast Facts: Queen Isabella Known For: Queen of Castile, Leà ³n, and Aragon (became Spain)Also Known As: Isabella the CatholicBorn: April 22, 1451 in Madrigal de las Altas Torres,  CastileParents: King John II of Castile, Isabella of PortugalDied: Nov. 26, 1504 in Medina del Campo, SpainSpouse: Ferdinand II of AragonChildren: Joanna of Castile, Catherine of Aragon, Isabella of Aragon, Maria of Aragon, and John, Prince of Asturias Early Life At her birth on April 22, 1451, Isabella was second in the line of succession to her father, King John II of Castile, following her older half-brother Henry.  She became third in line when her brother Alfonso was born in 1453. Her mother was  Isabella of Portugal, whose father was a son of King John I of Portugal and whose mother was a granddaughter of the same king.  Her fathers father was Henry III of Castile, and his mother was Catherine of Lancaster, the daughter of John of Gaunt (third son of Englands Edward III) and Johns second wife, the Infanta Constance of Castile. Isabellas half-brother became Henry IV, king of Castile, when their father, John II, died in 1454 when Isabella was 3. Isabella was raised by her mother until 1457, when the two children were brought to court by Henry to keep them from being used by opposition nobles. Isabella was well educated.  Her tutors included Beatriz Galindo, a professor at the University at Salamanca in philosophy, rhetoric, and medicine. Succession Henrys first marriage ended in divorce and without children. When his second wife, Joan of Portugal,  gave birth to daughter Juana in 1462, the opposition nobles  claimed that Juana was the daughter of Beltran de la Cueva, duke of Albuquerque. Thus, shes known in history as Juana la Beltraneja. The oppositions attempt to replace Henry with Alfonso failed, with the final defeat coming in July 1468 when Alfonso died of suspected poisoning. historians, however, consider it more likely he succumbed to the plague. He had named Isabella his successor. Isabella was offered the crown by the nobles but she refused, probably because she didnt believe she could maintain that claim in opposition to Henry.  Henry was willing to compromise with the nobles and accept Isabella as his heiress. Marriage Isabella married Ferdinand of Aragon, a second cousin, in October 1469 without Henrys approval. The cardinal of Valentia, Rodrigo Borgia (later Pope Alexander VI), helped Isabel and Ferdinand obtain the necessary papal dispensation, but the couple still had to resort to pretenses and disguises to carry out the ceremony in Valladolid.  Henry withdrew his recognition and named Juana as his heir.  At Henrys death in 1474, a war of succession ensued, with Alfonso V of Portugal, prospective husband of Isabellas rival Juana, supporting Juanas claims. The dispute was settled in 1479 with Isabella recognized as Queen of Castile. Ferdinand by this time had become King of Aragon, and the two ruled both realms with equal authority, unifying Spain. Among their first acts were various reforms to reduce the power of the nobility and increase the power of the crown. After her marriage, Isabella appointed Galindo as tutor to her children. Galindo founded hospitals and schools in Spain, including the Hospital of the Holy Cross in Madrid, and probably served as an adviser to Isabella after she became queen. Catholic Monarchs In 1480, Isabella and Ferdinand instituted the Inquisition in Spain, one of many changes to the role of the church instituted by the monarchs. The Inquisition was aimed mostly at Jews and Muslims who had overtly converted to Christianity but were thought to be practicing their faiths secretly. They were seen as heretics who rejected Roman Catholic orthodoxy. Ferdinand and Isabella were given the title the Catholic monarchs by  Pope Alexander VI in recognition of their role in purifying the faith. Among Isabellas other religious pursuits, she took a special interest in the Poor Clares. an order of nuns. Isabella and Ferdinand planned to unify all of Spain by continuing a long-standing but stalled effort to expel the Moors, Muslims who held parts of Spain. In 1492, the Muslim Kingdom of Granada fell to Isabella and Ferdinand, thus completing the Reconquista. That same year, Isabella and Ferdinand issued an edict expelling all Jews in Spain who refused to convert to Christianity. New World Also in 1492, Christopher Columbus convinced Isabella to sponsor his first voyage of exploration. By the traditions of the time, when Columbus was the first European to encounter lands in the New World, these lands were given to Castile. Isabella took a special interest in the Native Americans of the new lands. When some were brought back to Spain as slaves, she insisted they be returned and freed, and her will expressed her wish that the Indians be treated with justice and fairness. Death and Legacy By her death on Nov. 26, 1504, Isabellas sons, grandsons, and her older daughter Isabella, queen of Portugal, had already died, leaving as Isabellas only heir Mad Joan Juana, who became queen of Castile in 1504 and of Aragon in 1516. Isabella was a patron of scholars and artists, establishing educational institutions and building a large collection of artwork. She learned Latin as an adult and was widely read, and she educated her daughters as well as her sons. The youngest daughter, Catherine of Aragon, became the first wife of Henry VIII of England and mother of Mary I of England. Isabellas will, the only writing that she left, summarizes what she thought were her reigns achievements as well as her wishes for the future. In 1958, the Roman Catholic church began the process to canonize Isabella.  After an exhaustive investigation, the commission appointed by the church determined that she had a reputation of sanctity and was inspired by Christian values. In 1974, she was recognized with the title Servant of God by the Vatican, a step in the process of canonization. Sources Isabella I: Queen of Spain. Encyclopedia Brittanica.Isabella I. Encyclopedia.com.

The Effect Of Second Layer Matrix On Target Spots...

The Influence of Second Layer Matrix on Target Spots Unclassified by MALDI-TOF Although MALDI-TOF MS has been widely used in routine clinical microbiology laboratories, it is generally acknowledged that the appropriate sample-matrix preparation, a homogenous deposition on the target plate, is not very simple for successful MALDI-TOF measurement as well as microbial identification. (1) MALDI-TOF MS manufacturers introduced manually direct smear preparation protocols (2) in a convenient way for analysis of the large amounts microorganism colonies in microbiology laboratories, but they are called â€Å"black art† because of the unpredictability to find the dispersed â€Å"sweet-spots† due to the heterogeneous co-crystallization.(3) Regarding to those unclassified â€Å"no peaks found† samples, further purity cultures have to be inoculated for the second day remeasurement, which are costly in terms of labor, material and turnaround time. To date, many preparation methods, such as dried-droplet, thin layered, etc., have been developed to overco me the challenges.(4) However, all of them are â€Å"wet† preparation, in which sample solutions are used in analysis and thus they are impractical in â€Å"real† clinical microbiology scenario where semi-solid colonies are smeared on target directly. Based on an interesting MALDI-TOF phenomena, i.e., a significant improved mass spectrum can be obtained when analytes are mixed with matrix in a relative high mole ratio,(5) the influence of an second layer matrix

Contract Law Hong Kong Introductory Guide â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Contract Law Hong Kong Introductory Guide? Answer: Introducation A contract is best defined as a legally binding promise made under an agreement. Under a contract, one party promises that they would do the act mentioned under the contract and the other party promises that they would pay the requisite compensation amount as is stated under the contract (Blum, 2007). It can be formed in an oral and in a written way. In the first management, the contract terms are spoken orally and in the latter, the contract terms are put down in writing on a document, which the parties to that particular contract sign (Mau, 2010). For creating any contract, there is a need of some specified components to be present. These components include the offer, the acceptance, consideration, capacity, clarity and intention (Miller Cross, 2015). Amongst the key points with regards to these components is offer and invitation to treat. An offer is the initiation point of the contract whereby one party offers certain terms to another party. An invitation to treat, on the other hand, shows that the parties are ready to negotiate upon the possible contract (McKendrick Liu, 2015). Hence, invitation to treat takes place before the offer is made; though, is not obligatory to be present in every case. The advertisements in the newspaper are an example of invitation to treat. The goods which are kept on the shelf of the shop, for display, are another example of invitation to treat. And in such cases, the individual is not bound to sell such product as per Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots [1953] 1 QB 401 (Latimer, 2012). The other elements of contract include the acceptance of this offer. So, once an offer has been made, it needs to be accepted. There is a need for the contract to have valid consideration in order for the contract to be valid. As per this requirement, the consideration needs to have an economic value (Stone and Devenney, 2017). There is also a need for parties to have the capacity of entering into the contract. In this regard, the parties need to be of legal age and also need to be of sound mind to be able to make rationale decisions for them. The parties need to be clear about the terms of the contract as this gives the parties the rights and liabilities under the contract. And lastly, there is a need for the contracting parties to have the intention of creating legal relations. When the terms covered under the contract are not fulfilled, the aggrieved party can apply for monetary compensation or equitable remedies (Andrews, 2015). At times, under the contract a clause known as exclusion clause is found, which has the power of restricting or limiting the liabilities which are raised due to the contract. The exclusion clauses are relied on to extinguish the liability of the contracting party. In order for an exclusion clause to be valid, it has to fulfil some requirements (Clarke Clarke, 2016). Firstly, the exclusion clause has to be inserted in to the contract in a proper manner. Secondly, the exclusion clause needs to be brought to the attention of the party against whom it is being inserted. The exclusion clauses can only restrict the liability under the contract and not such which are born out of a statutory law or common law (Ayres Klass, 2012). In order for the exclusion clause to be valid, it has to be inserted in the contract financial_accounting it is signed by the parties. Olley v Marlborough Court Ltd (1949) 1 KB 532 saw the exclusion clause being invalid as the exclusion clause had been inserted after the main contract had been formed. The exclusion clause is also invalid if it is referred at another place and is not brought to the attention of the parties. In Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd (1971) 2 WLR 585, the exclusion clause was stated at the backside of the ticket and was not brought to the notice of the parties, thus invalidating the exclusion clause (Marson Ferris, 2015). A crucial point with regards to exclusion clause is that it would be valid, where it was inserted in a contract and the contract was signed later. In L'Estrange v Graucob [1934] 2 KB 394 case, the exclusion clause was held as valid even though the parties had not read the exclusion clause (Gibson Fraser, 2014). However, such exclusion clause would be invalid, even after it has been inserted in the contract and the same is signed by the parties, where an element of misrepresentation was present (Mulcahy, 2008). In Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co [1951] 1 KB 805, the cleaner was stopped from escaping the liability for the damages caused to the material of dress, by making reliance over the exemption clause, due to the misrepresentation of the scope of the exclusion clause by the assistant of the defendant (Poole, 2016). Misrepresentation is one of the five vitiating factors which make the contract voidable at the option of the aggrieved party. Misrepresentation refers to a false statement of fact being made by one party, so as to induce the other party into the contract (Lambiris Griffin, 2016). In Bisset v Wilkins [1927] AC 177, it was held that the statement has to be of fact and not of opinion. And it also has to be shown that reliance was made on such misrepresentation for a case of misrepresentation to stand, as was seen in Horsfall v Thomas [1862] 1 HC 90 (McKendrick, 2014). Application In the given case study, Miles saw an advertisement of tractor of Farmquip. This advertisement would be deemed as an invitation to treat as on the basis of this advertisement, negotiations were carried on between Miles and Farmquip. And based on Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots, Farmquip was not obliged to sell the truck at these terms to Miles. While the negotiations were being carried on, Angus made a false statement of fact to Miles whereby he stated that air conditioning would be inserted in the tractor. This statement was one of fact as there was no intention of inserting the air condition and based Bisset v Wilkins this would be deemed as a misrepresentation. Further, based on Horsfall v Thomas reliance was made by Miles which would make a claim of misrepresentation, against Farmquip, a success. This would allow Miles to get the contract rescinded. An exclusion clause was also present in this case. The contract which was signed by Miles, for the sale of tractor, covered Clause 18 which was an exclusion clause. As this contract was signed by Miles, irrespective of the fact that he read it or not, it would be valid, based on LEstrange v Graucob. However, a misrepresentation had been made in this case, which as per the case of Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co would make this exclusion clause invalid even when the contract had been signed by Miles. There was another exclusion clause which was present in this case, which was stated on the wall for customers behind the sales counter. However, based on Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd, this was not brought to the attention of the parties. Also, one could only come across this exclusion clause when they went to the sales counter and not before that. Hence, this exclusion clause would also be invalid due to it not being brought to the attention of the parties. Miles can due Farmquip for the breach of contract as the terms of the contract had not been upheld. He was promised a good conditioned and well repaired tractor but had been instead given a bad unrepaired tractor which was bad in shape. So, Miles can claim compensation for breach of contract, which would include not only the cost of the tractor but also damages for mental distress. Miles also has the option of getting the contract rescinded owing to the misrepresentation. As the exclusion clause is invalid, it would not be able to protect Farmquip. And based on Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co Farmquip would be liable for the wordings of its employee/ representative, i.e., Angus. Conclusion Hence, in this case, Miles can bring legal action against Farmquip for misrepresentation, thus getting the contract rescinded, or better yet, could claim damages for breach of contract, and claim compensation. References Andrews, N. (2015). Contract Law (2nd ed.). UK: Cambridge University Press Ayres, I., Klass, G. (2012). Studies in Contract Law (8th ed.). New York: Foundation Press Blum, B.A. (2007). Contracts: Examples Explanations (4th ed.). New York: Aspen Publishers. Clarke, P., Clarke, J (2016). Contract Law: Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives (3rd ed.). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Gibson, A., Fraser, D. (2014). Business Law 2014 (8th ed.). Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia. Lambiris, M., Griffin, L. (2016). First Principles of Business Law 2016. Sydney: CCH. Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012 (31st ed.). Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Marson, J., Ferris, K. (2015). Business Law (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mau, S.D. (2010). Contract Law in Hong Kong: An Introductory Guide. Hong Kong: economics University Press. McKendrick, E. (2014). Contract Law: Text, Cases, and Materials (6th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. McKendrick, E., Liu, Q. (2015). Contract Law: Australian Edition. London: Palgrave. Miller, R.L. Cross, F.B. (2015). The Legal Environment Today (8th ed.). Stanford, CT: Cengage Learning. Mulcahy, L. (2008). Contract Law in Perspective (5th ed.). Oxon: Routledge. Poole, J. (2016). Textbook on Contract Law (13th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stone, R., Devenney, J. (2017). The Modern Law of Contract (12th ed.). Oxon: Routledge.

Nation Building an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

Nation Building by Expert Suzzane | 15 Dec 2016 The aspect of nation-building has been an important component of creating stable states in a liberal democratic environment. With this, there are several ways and methods that a particular state may use to enhance and develop its objectives. In the end, as states try to incorporate a particular method of nation building, there are positive outcomes and negative implications that need to be taken into consideration. It is through this that the process of determining a states own values, traditions and ideals are put into practiced and applied. Need essay sample on "Nation Building" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Seeing this, there are two models in which the paper shall look and consider. The first one revolves around the way Russia has created and developed nation building mechanisms. On the other hand, the other part of the paper looks at Turkish nation building strategies. In the end, there shall be an elaboration of its relevant strengths and weaknesses exhibited by both states. It is through these categories that both states shall be compared and contrasted. Students Frequently Tell EssayLab support: How much do I have to pay someone to make my assignment online? Our Propose: Custom Essays - Easy And Quickly With Essaylab.Com Essay Helper Online Cheap Custom Writing Service How to do an Assignment Buy College Papers Nation building Russia After the collapse and fall of the USSR in 1991, Russia became the dominant states that took over what was left behind by its predecessor. Though there have been man states that took the opportunity to secede and form their own governments, Russia still maintained control over half of what the USSR controlled during the Cold War. Contrary to its predecessor, Russian nation building is similar with the overall structure of USSR the practice of ethno federalism. What distinguishes the mechanism applied by Russia to USSR is the elements circumscribed the tenet of ethno federalism. Hale argues that the critical distinction between the USSR and Russia lies in the design of ethno federal institutions (p.56) It is through here that we see a USSR whose core ethnic region is concentrated on one state (Russia) which in turn remains to be problematic on the side of a particular federation. Hale mentions that core ethnic regions tend to promote state breakup because they facilitate dual sovereignty, exacerbate the security fears of minority-group regions, and promote the imagining of core-group identifications independent of the federation. (p.56) The collapse of the USSR became a catalyst for Russia to learn from its predecessor and apply an appropriate setup suitable for the region Ethno federalism. Hale mentions that ethno federalism, a federal political system in which component regions are intentionally associated with specific ethnic categories. (p.55) This process enables the state to maintain and promote democracy while at the same time protecting and safeguarding ethnic differences among different sub-states. However, contrary to the USSR, Russia applied ethno federalism without a core ethnic region. Hale points out that the Russian Federation lacks a core ethnic region; instead it consists of 32 minority ethnic regions (republics, autonomous districts, and autonomous regions) together with its 57 Russian-dominated oblasts. (p.61) This is why, the government continues to survive, grow and develop for years. Benefits The practice of ethno federalism by Russia has in turn created many positive outcomes for the country. The nation building mechanism employed and used by the state may have been an important component for not repeating the mistakes of the USSR. One important benefit of the ethno federal setup without the core ethnic region is that Russian leaders would find it difficult to control and maintain stability in regions that are ethnically perse. Hale argues that without Russias institutional pision of the core into many regions, Russias presidents would have found it much more difficult to employ accommodative tactics toward key minority regions and pide-and-conquer methods vis--vis oblasts so as to address potentially threatening minority-region security concerns. (p.62) Then there is the issue of creating a sense of community among members of the Russian occupied territories. The oblasts play an important part in the overall success of the Russian federation. Hale mentions that with a core ethnic religion in place of Russias 57 oblasts, Russia would have been much more likely to experience a challenge to the vision of territorial Russian identity. (p.62) Such action can lead to drastic effects in the way identification is made and categorized. Challenges One impediment in such mechanism is the capability of it to undermine the equal distribution of power among minorities. Such can lead to a scenario wherein one minority is dominant over the other. Hale further points out that one ethnic region can be considered clearly dominant in population if it contains at least 20 percent more than the unionwide population than the next largest region or makes up an outright majority of the countrys population. (p.64) Such can lead to the formation of core ethnic regions which would be problematic for Russia if it continues. Another problem of such setup is that there is a tendency to have challenges from secessionist states. Hale mentions that some ethno federal states without core ethnic regions have avoided state breakup but continue to experience isolated secessionist challenges. (p.65) Nation Building Turkey The idea of Turkish nation building revolves around the tenet of embracing and incorporating their ideals, culture and values without the consideration of minorities and their relevant practices. The Islamic framework of government seems to overshadow the real fundamentals of nation building. Van Bruinessen argues that the dominant view among Turkish policymakers has been, however, that it was possible for the non-Turkish ethnic groups to adopt Turkish culture and that forced assimilation was feasible. (p.4) This became the initial foundation of Turkeys secular government. However, there had been continued changes in the Turkish government as they begin to democratize and open up into the world. There have been efforts for the state to apply important components of a liberal nation building schemes. It eliminated the previous defunct system and began to progress forward. Ciddi et al. argues that against the background of gross economic mismanagement, political scandals of corruption and negligence of the 1990s, the 2002 general elections impressed upon any desiring government party a number of tangible objectives to address. (p.1) In addition, the process of liberalizing and democratizing the state has been a successful trait exhibited by Turkey. Ciddi et al. mentions that this process, dubbed as conservative democratic by Erdoan, defines democracy as an ideal to construct a pluralist interpretation of democracy which is not limited to a mechanical interpretation reduced to a few institutions and elections but one which is organic and has spread to all societal and political arenas (p.1) Positive Outcomes There are indeed important positive outcomes that the initiative of Turkey provided. First is that it slowly begins to recognize and balance domestic and international issues as far as respect of sovereignty is concerned. This specifically applies in the issue of Cyprus. Kymlicka mentions that liberal principles will also insist that any national group engaged in a project of national building must respect the right of other nations within its jurisdiction to protect and build their own national institutions (p.189) Another important positive outcome is the capability of the state to practice fair and just treatment of minorities in a particular area. Contrary to the original initiative of assimilation, with liberal tenets, nation building shall constitute better opportunities for minorities to actively voice out their concerns and welfare in the state. Kymlicka argues that liberal principles will preclude any attempts at ethnic cleansing, or stripping people of their citizenship, or the violation of human rights. (p.189) Implications One important and notable challenge for Turkey is creating a scenario and balancing tradition with modernity. Nation building on one hand entails a liberal approach in the establishment of reforms. However, practices among conservatives continue to apply. Social standards remain to be rooted in Islamic laws as well as traditions. This in turn leaves minorities in a state of confusion as the reality starts to manifest itself. Thus, minorities are still forced to abide to old standards though the process of liberalization has already been in place. Conclusion: Comparison and Contrast Seeing this, there are indeed different methods that a state can use to appropriate the proper nation building mechanism. One difference between the two states is the approach used by each one to promote nation-building. For Russia, it used an ethno federal approach while on the other hand; Turkey used the Western liberal method. This in turn creates different approaches and scenarios wherein nation building can be enhanced and developed. Also, there is an immediate concern with the facilitation of nation building among minorities. Since they are part of the overall union of the state, the question of assimilation or absorption remains to be an integral part of the nation building strategy. Thus, the process of nation building is indeed a complex one and it caters to different benefits and challenges depending on the method used or advocated by a particular state. Works Cited Ciddi, Sinan et. al. Religious and Cultural Perceptions of the Other: in Greek-Turkish Relations. n.d. accessed 29 April 2008 Hale, Henry E. The Makeup and Breakup of Ethno Federal States: Why Russia Survives Where the USSR Fell. 2005 3 no.1 accessed 29 April 29, 2008 pp. 55-70 Kymlicka, Will. Nation-building and minority rights: comparing West and East in Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2000 26 no.2 accessed 29 April 2008 pp. 183-212 van Bruinessen, Martin. Race, culture, nation and identity politics in Turkey: some comments. 1997

States by Edward Said Essays

States by Edward Said Essays States by Edward Said Paper States by Edward Said Paper Taylor Stephan Section 2 Exam â€Å"States† 1. Edward Said emphasizes the scattered, alienated nature of the Palestinian people. In my opinion, Said clearly displays that it is unfair to ask â€Å"What is it you Palestinians want? †. Palestine, once recognized as a country and a community, is now shattered into a plethora of pieces. These pieces, or people each with memories and experiences, were sprinkled all across the world. It would seem impossible to share national pride when one’s country does not technically exist. Palestinians do not have a unified home where they can share their sense of culture and their similar beliefs. Many Palestinians â€Å"speak of awdah (return)† (650). They want to restore their country, and glue together the broken pieces. Even if Palestine could be restored as a country, would it ever be the same? One cannot erase history. The Palestinians can never truly regain what they want, which is their identity and ethnocentricity. Questions can easily be misinterpreted. Misunderstandings due to poor communication have appeared throughout history. For example, in the 1940’s, America threatened Japan with an embargo, unless they cut relations with Japan. The Japanese mistakenly took this as a threat to their national security. The confusion caused the attack on Pearl Harbor, which is an extremely important event in American history. Japan and the United States were opposing forces, but trade held together the peace. This misunderstanding caused more hostility between the two groups. 2. Said explains that the photograph ignites negative, yet positive feelings about the condition of the Palestinian people. Said shows that this picture reflects symbols of vulnerability and disarray throughout the Palestinians. This shabby house, near Senjel, is covered with weeds. It appears to be out of place under the coverage of the trees. Said is very passionate for his own people. He has a great deal of emotional discomfort seeing a photographic display of the dislocation of his own people. I do not know what it feels like to lose my identity and be viewed through a skeptic’s eyes. Although this picture does not appear to incite certain emotions and feelings in myself, it is plausible for Said connect his feelings. Said understands the meaning of displacement with regards to his people’s history. Extra Credit: I can still remember the tragedy of September 11th. I was in second grade. All of the students were immediately sent home or picked up by their parents. I did not understand the images on the news. It almost seemed like a surreal action film. My aunt was on a flight to New York City that day, but luckily she arrived safe. I respect the people and rescue crew involved during September 11th. I think they displayed a deep sense of care for fellow Americans. I hope that the directly affected families have some sense of peace all of these years later.

Business Start Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Start Up - Essay Example We had worked out an initial business plan with my team as a basis of our operations. Our business plan had all the important sections including finances, operations, milestone objectives and marketing covered. Practically speaking, having a business plan significantly reduces the risks and provides a proactive scope. I learnt that the initial business plan is not sufficient enough, hence my team decided to keep updating the document to take guidance from it. Hornsby & Kuratko (2009 p.111) have also identified many reasons to update a business plan which are: varying financial needs and new projections yearly, additional financing needed, managing management conflicts and to induce more reality to the plan. There already are similar companies producing customised cakes and crepes, therefore I was of the view that if we want to stand out we need a comptetitive advantage. Enterpreneurship is about new ideas and creation, and strategic planning focuses on the method to achieve above ave rage performance through a competitive advantage (Hitt, Ireland, Camp, & Sexton, 2002 p.33). Two of our team mates are passionate about the baking line of foods. Utilising their talent we have designed new cake and crepe recipes alongwith additional services and packages, as our unique selling points include customised packaging, complimentary dessert decor, small goodwill presents, greeting cards and an optional nutrition card for the health conscious customers. We have drafted updates on our business plan regarding this Enterpreneurial Strategic Management Interface (ESMI). Professionalism is a function of time and experience, but we lag in it because we are beginners in business... Professionalism is a function of time and experience, but we lag in it because we are beginners in business management. There have been incidents like the one when we landed with a huge order of deserts for a new year party. The order was huge, with promising profits and potentially loyal customers. The process to meet the order produced conflicts amongst our team members. The team member responsible for managing the operations and employees, namely preparation of the deserts and managing the chefs, felt that he was doing all of the work. The one who had negotiated the contract and maintained the liaison with the customer party felt that she deserved all the credit. That’s when I, being the leader, realized that we need teamwork orientation to wheedle out the individualism. I arranged a self-development session with my fellows and pointed out that everyone’s individual contribution in the work is unique and significant. We need to develop a sense of unity in our work ot herwise the conflicts will adversely affect the output and our produce will lack harmony. We learned that there are external agencies that exist to perpetuate small businesses. One of my fellows gave the idea to take some form of external small business assistance and consultancy service. He showed me the SBA.Gov platform on the internet that helps in finding the local resources, exploring the potentials and consultancy to achieve the organization’s goals. Our current focus is to develop and strengthen ourselves through proactive planning and introducing newer food and service packages.

IT INFRASTRUCTURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

IT INFRASTRUCTURE - Essay Example The services are offered in a multi-specialty manner under one roof and multiple consultants and doctors operate from each specialty to reduce patient queuing time. There is also a modular operating room to minimize Hospital Acquired infections in surgical patients as well as an amazing and completely entertaining children’s zone and child care area attached to the pediatric wing. The hospital offers 24-hour service in selected emergency situations, pharmacy GP and ambulance. As mentioned earlier, the hospital provide a host of services including urology, heart care, child care, weight loss, genecology, minimal access surgery and women wellness programs. These services are highly sensitive and patients sometimes demand to be served by their preferred doctors. The hospital, in the past was overwhelmed by the demand and the lack of scheduling mechanism to distribute patients to available consulting doctors efficiently. This resulted in a lot of inconveniences in terms of waiting time the associated health repercussions. The hospital in leveraging technology decided to introduce a doctor and patient management system known as Inquiry, Booking and Reservation system. This system allow patient to inquire for their preferred consultant doctors and book for an appropriate session guided by the schedule of the doctor. Most of its clients make reservations through direct calls made to the centre. The customer service department receives the calls, book clients an d advice on the best visit schedules according to the physicists calendar of events. In dire scenarios, the hospital allows direct communication between clients and their doctors for better service delivery. Therefore, telephone communication is the de facto medium although other channels such as eMail and texts are employed. The clinic has an implementation of VoIP. However, the system has been associated with some drawbacks. Some of the clients have